![]() ![]() ![]() Contemporary literature, however, considers city/state relations to be either fundamentally reworked or less consequential for understanding major cities. In earlier writings using the global/world cities terminology, the cosmopolitan character of cities was above all interpreted as an expression of their host states’ geopolitical and geo-economic power. Although it is difficult to identify a straightforward disjuncture between these earlier uses of the terms and what are commonly seen as key foundational texts in the present-day literature, we can observe a gradual trend toward conceptualizing urbanization processes at transnational rather than national scales. A first major reason for the sometimes-fuzzy character of “the global/world city literature” is that there have been earlier, related uses of these terms. This article provides a bibliographic introduction to this wide-ranging and sometimes seemingly incoherent literature. This is indicated by the wide range of terms used to describe cities, whereby since the 2000s “global cities” and “world cities” have gradually become key-yet at times also contested-concepts. Large and significant cities have fascinated researchers since the early twentieth century. ![]()
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